Update version numbers

README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Matrix
+
+[![Quality Gate Status](https://sonarqube.mattrixwv.com/api/project_badges/measure?project=matrix&metric=alert_status&token=sqb_b6f7219a7b625b1ab2964e9dfa90e58a7c4c4e57)](https://sonarqube.mattrixwv.com/dashboard?id=matrix)
+
+This is my matrix library, created as curiosity and to fit into my [Cipher Stream](https://git.mattrixwv.com/BaseLibraries/CipherStream) project.
+
+TODO: Fill this is better information about library usage.

pom.xml

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@
 	<scm>
 		<connection>scm:git:git://bitbucket.org/Mattrixwv/Matrix.git</connection>
 		<developerConnection>scm:git:ssh://bitbucket.org:Mattrixwv/Matrix.git</developerConnection>
-		<url>https://bitbucket.org/Mattrixwv/Matrix/src</url>
+		<url>https://git.mattrixwv.com/BaseLibraries/Matrix</url>
 	</scm>
 
 	<groupId>com.mattrixwv</groupId>
 	<artifactId>matrix</artifactId>
-	<version>1.2.4-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<version>1.3.2</version>
 
 	<name>Matrix</name>
 	<description>A library for performing Matrix operations</description>
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@
 		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
 		<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
 		<java.version>25</java.version>
-		<maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
+		<maven.compiler.source>25</maven.compiler.source>
-		<maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
+		<maven.compiler.target>25</maven.compiler.target>
 
 		<!--Sonarqube-->
-		<sonar.java.source>21</sonar.java.source>
+		<sonar.java.source>25</sonar.java.source>
 		<sonar.dependencyCheck.jsonReportPath>target/dependency-check-report.json</sonar.dependencyCheck.jsonReportPath>
 		<sonar.dependencyCheck.htmlReportPath>target/dependency-check-report.html</sonar.dependencyCheck.htmlReportPath>
 	</properties>
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
 		<dependency>
 			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
 			<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
-			<version>6.0.1</version>
+			<version>6.0.2</version>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
@@ -60,11 +60,12 @@
 		<plugins>
 			<!--Ensure maven is the correct version-->
 			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 				<artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
 				<executions>
 					<execution>
 						<id>enforce-maven</id>
-						<phase>enforce</phase>
+						<phase>validate</phase>
 						<goals>
 							<goal>enforce</goal>
 						</goals>
@@ -73,26 +74,6 @@
 			</plugin>
 
 			<!--Sonarqube-->
-			<plugin>
-				<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
-				<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-				<executions>
-					<execution>
-						<id>jacoco-initialize</id>
-						<phase>none</phase>
-						<goals>
-							<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
-						</goals>
-					</execution>
-					<execution>
-						<id>jacoco-site</id>
-						<phase>none</phase>
-						<goals>
-							<goal>report</goal>
-						</goals>
-					</execution>
-				</executions>
-			</plugin>
 			<plugin>
 				<groupId>org.owasp</groupId>
 				<artifactId>dependency-check-maven</artifactId>
@@ -108,6 +89,11 @@
 			</plugin>
 
 			<!--Deployment-->
+			<plugin>
+				<groupId>org.sonatype.central</groupId>
+				<artifactId>central-publishing-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+			</plugin>
+
 			<plugin>
 				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 				<artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
@@ -145,10 +131,6 @@
 					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
-			<plugin>
-				<groupId>org.sonatype.central</groupId>
-				<artifactId>central-publishing-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 
 		<pluginManagement>
@@ -166,6 +148,7 @@
 						</rules>
 					</configuration>
 				</plugin>
+
 				<plugin>
 					<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.5.0</version>
@@ -173,45 +156,53 @@
 
 				<!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.4.0</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.14.1</version>
 					<configuration>
 						<release>${java.version}</release>
 						<compilerArgs>
 							<arg>-Xlint:all</arg>
+							<arg>-Xlint:-serial</arg>
 						</compilerArgs>
 						<showWarnings>true</showWarnings>
 						<showDeprecation>true</showDeprecation>
 					</configuration>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.5.4</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.5.0</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.1.4</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.21.0</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
+					<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
 					<artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
 					<version>3.9.0</version>
 				</plugin>
 				<plugin>
 					<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
 					<artifactId>versions-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-					<version>2.20.1</version>
+					<version>2.21.0</version>
 					<configuration>
 						<rulesUri>file://${session.executionRootDirectory}/version-rules.xml</rulesUri>
 					</configuration>
@@ -236,7 +227,7 @@
 				<plugin>
 					<groupId>org.owasp</groupId>
 					<artifactId>dependency-check-maven</artifactId>
-					<version>12.1.9</version>
+					<version>12.2.0</version>
 					<configuration>
 						<formats>
 							<format>json</format>
@@ -244,7 +235,7 @@
 						</formats>
 						<nvdApiServerId>nvd</nvdApiServerId>
 						<failBuildOnCVSS>7</failBuildOnCVSS>
-							<ossIndexServerId>ossrh</ossIndexServerId>
+						<ossIndexServerId>ossindex</ossIndexServerId>
 					</configuration>
 				</plugin>
 
@@ -252,7 +243,7 @@
 				<plugin>
 					<groupId>org.sonatype.central</groupId>
 					<artifactId>central-publishing-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-					<version>0.9.0</version>
+					<version>0.10.0</version>
 					<extensions>true</extensions>
 					<configuration>
 						<publishingServerId>central</publishingServerId>

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/BigIntegerMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/BigIntegerMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-10-22
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -27,18 +23,17 @@ public class BigIntegerMatrix{
 
 	//?Helper functions
 	/**
-	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * Validates the input to ensure all rows are of equal length.
-	 * all rows are of equal length.
 	 *
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
-	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 * @return the new validated grid
 	 */
-	protected void setGrid(BigInteger[][] grid){
+	private BigInteger[][] validateGrid(BigInteger[][] grid){
 		if(grid.length == 0){
-			this.grid = new BigInteger[0][0];
+			return new BigInteger[0][0];
 		}
 		else if(grid[0].length == 0){
-			this.grid = new BigInteger[grid.length][0];
+			return new BigInteger[grid.length][0];
 		}
 		else{
 			//Make sure all rows are the same length
@@ -56,9 +51,19 @@ public class BigIntegerMatrix{
 			}
 
 			//Save the new grid
-			this.grid = newGrid;
+			return newGrid;
 		}
 	}
+	/**
+	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * all rows are of equal length.
+	 *
+	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
+	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 */
+	protected void setGrid(BigInteger[][] grid){
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
+	}
 	/**
 	 * Creates a deep copy of the matrix grid.
 	 *
@@ -159,7 +164,7 @@ public class BigIntegerMatrix{
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to initialize the matrix with.
 	 */
 	public BigIntegerMatrix(BigInteger[][] grid){
-		setGrid(grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a copy of the specified matrix.
@@ -167,7 +172,7 @@ public class BigIntegerMatrix{
 	 * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
 	 */
 	public BigIntegerMatrix(BigIntegerMatrix matrix){
-		setGrid(matrix.grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(matrix.grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a matrix with the specified number of rows and columns, filled with the specified value.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/DoubleMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/DoubleMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-07-22
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -30,18 +26,17 @@ public class DoubleMatrix{
 
 	//?Helper functions
 	/**
-	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * Validates the input to ensure all rows are of equal length.
-	 * all rows are of equal length.
 	 *
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
-	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 * @return the new validated grid
 	 */
-	protected void setGrid(double[][] grid){
+	private double[][] validateGrid(double[][] grid){
 		if(grid.length == 0){
-			this.grid = new double[0][0];
+			return new double[0][0];
 		}
 		else if(grid[0].length == 0){
-			this.grid = new double[grid.length][0];
+			return new double[grid.length][0];
 		}
 		else{
 			//Make sure all rows are the same length
@@ -59,9 +54,19 @@ public class DoubleMatrix{
 			}
 
 			//Save the new grid
-			this.grid = newGrid;
+			return newGrid;
 		}
 	}
+	/**
+	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * all rows are of equal length.
+	 *
+	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
+	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 */
+	protected void setGrid(double[][] grid){
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
+	}
 	/**
 	 * Creates a deep copy of the matrix grid.
 	 *
@@ -163,7 +168,7 @@ public class DoubleMatrix{
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to initialize the matrix with.
 	 */
 	public DoubleMatrix(double[][] grid){
-		setGrid(grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
 		delta = 0.0;
 	}
 	/**
@@ -172,7 +177,7 @@ public class DoubleMatrix{
 	 * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
 	 */
 	public DoubleMatrix(DoubleMatrix matrix){
-		setGrid(matrix.grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(matrix.grid);
 		delta = 0.0;
 	}
 	/**

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/IntegerMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/IntegerMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-01-22
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -26,18 +22,17 @@ public class IntegerMatrix{
 
 	//?Helper functions
 	/**
-	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * Validates that all rows in the grid are of equal length.
-	 * all rows are of equal length.
 	 *
-	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
+	 * @param grid The 2D array to validate.
 	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
 	 */
-	protected void setGrid(int[][] grid){
+	private int[][] validateGrid(int[][] grid){
 		if(grid.length == 0){
-			this.grid = new int[0][0];
+			return new int[0][0];
 		}
 		else if(grid[0].length == 0){
-			this.grid = new int[grid.length][0];
+			return new int[grid.length][0];
 		}
 		else{
 			//Make sure all rows are the same length
@@ -55,9 +50,19 @@ public class IntegerMatrix{
 			}
 
 			//Save the new grid
-			this.grid = newGrid;
+			return newGrid;
 		}
 	}
+	/**
+	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * all rows are of equal length.
+	 *
+	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
+	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 */
+	protected void setGrid(int[][] grid){
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
+	}
 	/**
 	 * Creates a deep copy of the matrix grid.
 	 *
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ public class IntegerMatrix{
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to initialize the matrix with.
 	 */
 	public IntegerMatrix(int[][] grid){
-		setGrid(grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a copy of the specified matrix.
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ public class IntegerMatrix{
 	 * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
 	 */
 	public IntegerMatrix(IntegerMatrix matrix){
-		setGrid(matrix.grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(matrix.grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a matrix with the specified number of rows and columns, filled with the specified value.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/LongMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/LongMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-10-22
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -26,18 +22,17 @@ public class LongMatrix{
 
 	//?Helper functions
 	/**
-	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * Validates the input to ensure all rows are of equal length.
-	 * all rows are of equal length.
 	 *
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
-	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 * @return the new validated grid
 	 */
-	protected void setGrid(long[][] grid){
+	private long[][] validateGrid(long[][] grid){
 		if(grid.length == 0){
-			this.grid = new long[0][0];
+			return new long[0][0];
 		}
 		else if(grid[0].length == 0){
-			this.grid = new long[grid.length][0];
+			return new long[grid.length][0];
 		}
 		else{
 			//Make sure all rows are the same length
@@ -55,9 +50,19 @@ public class LongMatrix{
 			}
 
 			//Save the new grid
-			this.grid = newGrid;
+			return newGrid;
 		}
 	}
+	/**
+	 * Sets the matrix grid to the specified 2D array. Validates the input to ensure
+	 * all rows are of equal length.
+	 *
+	 * @param grid The 2D array to set as the matrix grid.
+	 * @throws InvalidRowSizeException If the rows of the matrix are not all the same length.
+	 */
+	protected void setGrid(long[][] grid){
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
+	}
 	/**
 	 * Creates a deep copy of the matrix grid.
 	 *
@@ -158,7 +163,7 @@ public class LongMatrix{
 	 * @param grid The 2D array to initialize the matrix with.
 	 */
 	public LongMatrix(long[][] grid){
-		setGrid(grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a copy of the specified matrix.
@@ -166,7 +171,7 @@ public class LongMatrix{
 	 * @param matrix The matrix to copy.
 	 */
 	public LongMatrix(LongMatrix matrix){
-		setGrid(matrix.grid);
+		this.grid = validateGrid(matrix.grid);
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a matrix with the specified number of rows and columns, filled with the specified value.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/ModMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/ModMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-09-22
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -17,13 +13,26 @@ import com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions.NullMatrixException;
 /**
  * Represents a matrix of integers that have been run through a modulus function, and provides various matrix operations.
  */
-public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
+public final class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	/**
 	 * The mod used on each element of the matrix
 	 */
 	protected int mod;
 
 	//?Helper functions
+	/**
+	 * Validate the mod values
+	 *
+	 * @param mod The new mod value
+	 * @throws InvalidScalarException If the mod value is less than or equal to 0
+	 */
+	private int validateMod(int mod){
+		if(mod <= 0){
+			throw new InvalidScalarException("The mod must be > 0");
+		}
+
+		return mod;
+	}
 	/**
 	 * Set the mod values
 	 *
@@ -31,11 +40,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 * @throws InvalidScalarException If the mod value is less than or equal to 0
 	 */
 	protected void setMod(int mod){
-		if(mod <= 0){
+		this.mod = validateMod(mod);
-			throw new InvalidScalarException("The mod must be > 0");
-		}
-
-		this.mod = mod;
 	}
 	/**
 	 * Get the mod value of a number
@@ -103,7 +108,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 */
 	public ModMatrix(int mod){
 		super();
-		setMod(mod);
+		this.mod = validateMod(mod);
 		modGrid();
 	}
 	/**
@@ -114,7 +119,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 */
 	public ModMatrix(int[][] grid, int mod){
 		super();
-		setMod(mod);
+		this.mod = validateMod(mod);
 		setGrid(grid);
 	}
 	/**
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 */
 	public ModMatrix(ModMatrix matrix){
 		super();
-		setMod(matrix.mod);
+		this.mod = validateMod(matrix.mod);
 		setGrid(matrix.grid);
 	}
 	/**
@@ -135,7 +140,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 */
 	public ModMatrix(IntegerMatrix matrix, int mod){
 		super();
-		setMod(mod);
+		this.mod = validateMod(mod);
 		setGrid(matrix.grid);
 	}
 	/**
@@ -149,7 +154,7 @@ public class ModMatrix extends IntegerMatrix{
 	 */
 	public ModMatrix(int rows, int cols, int fill, int mod){
 		super(rows, cols, fill);
-		setMod(mod);
+		this.mod = validateMod(mod);
 		modGrid();
 	}
 

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/InvalidCoordinatesException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/exceptions/InvalidCoordinatesException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-01-22
-//Modified: 08-08-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,12 +7,6 @@ package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
  * @author Mattrixwv
  */
 public class InvalidCoordinatesException extends RuntimeException{
-	/**
-	 * Serialization identifier for this class.
-	 */
-	public static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
-
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new {@code InvalidCoordinatesException} with {@code null} as its detail message.
 	 * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/InvalidGeometryException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/exceptions/InvalidGeometryException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-01-22
-//Modified: 08-08-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,12 +7,6 @@ package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
  * @author Mattrixwv
  */
 public class InvalidGeometryException extends RuntimeException{
-	/**
-	 * Serialization identifier for this class.
-	 */
-	public static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
-
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new {@code InvalidGeometryException} with {@code null} as its detail message.
 	 * The cause is not initialized and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/InvalidRowSizeException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/exceptions/InvalidRowSizeException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-01-22
-//Modified: 08-08-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -9,12 +5,6 @@ package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
  * Exception thrown to indicate that the size of a row is invalid for a given matrix.
  */
 public class InvalidRowSizeException extends RuntimeException{
-	/**
-	 * Serialization identifier for this class.
-	 */
-	public static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
-
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new {@code InvalidRowSizeException} with {@code null} as its detail message.
 	 * The cause is not initialized and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/InvalidScalarException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/InvalidScalarException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-07-22
-//Modified: 08-08-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -9,12 +5,6 @@ package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
  * Exception thrown to indicate that a scalar value passed to a matrix is invalid
  */
 public class InvalidScalarException extends RuntimeException{
-	/**
-	 * Serialization identifier for this class.
-	 */
-	public static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
-
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new {@code InvalidScalarException} with {@code null} as its detail message.
 	 * The cause is not initialized and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.

src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/NullMatrixException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/exceptions/NullMatrixException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 06-30-22
-//Modified: 08-08-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -9,12 +5,6 @@ package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
  * Exception thrown to indicate that a null matrix has been illegally passed to a method
  */
 public class NullMatrixException extends RuntimeException{
-	/**
-	 * Serialization identifier for this class.
-	*/
-	public static final long serialVersionUID = 1;
-
-
 	/**
 	 * Constructs a new {@code NullMatrixException} with {@code null} as its detail message.
 	 * The cause is not initialized and may subsequently be initialized by a call to {@link #initCause}.

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestDoubleMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestDoubleMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-07-22
-//Modified: 08-10-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -1773,12 +1769,8 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size0(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1817,24 +1809,16 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size2x10(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testDeterminant_size10x2(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! cofactor() / cof()
@@ -1842,12 +1826,8 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size0(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1892,24 +1872,16 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size2x10(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testCofactor_size10x2(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! adjoint() / adj()
@@ -1917,12 +1889,8 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size0(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1967,24 +1935,16 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size2x10(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testAdjoint_size10x2(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! inverse()
@@ -1992,9 +1952,7 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size0(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -2017,27 +1975,21 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size10(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size2x10(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size10x2(){
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! equals()
@@ -2181,16 +2133,17 @@ public class TestDoubleMatrix{
 		DoubleMatrix matrix = new DoubleMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
 		assertEquals(
-			"[-1.0, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0, -5.0, -6.0, -7.0, -8.0, -9.0, -10.0]\n" +
+			"""
-			"[-11.0, -12.0, -13.0, -14.0, -15.0, -16.0, -17.0, -18.0, -19.0, -20.0]\n" +
+			[-1.0, -2.0, -3.0, -4.0, -5.0, -6.0, -7.0, -8.0, -9.0, -10.0]
-			"[-21.0, -22.0, -23.0, -24.0, -25.0, -26.0, -27.0, -28.0, -29.0, -30.0]\n" +
+			[-11.0, -12.0, -13.0, -14.0, -15.0, -16.0, -17.0, -18.0, -19.0, -20.0]
-			"[-31.0, -32.0, -33.0, -34.0, -35.0, -36.0, -37.0, -38.0, -39.0, -40.0]\n" +
+			[-21.0, -22.0, -23.0, -24.0, -25.0, -26.0, -27.0, -28.0, -29.0, -30.0]
-			"[-41.0, -42.0, -43.0, -44.0, -45.0, -46.0, -47.0, -48.0, -49.0, -50.0]\n" +
+			[-31.0, -32.0, -33.0, -34.0, -35.0, -36.0, -37.0, -38.0, -39.0, -40.0]
-			"[-51.0, -52.0, -53.0, -54.0, -55.0, -56.0, -57.0, -58.0, -59.0, -60.0]\n" +
+			[-41.0, -42.0, -43.0, -44.0, -45.0, -46.0, -47.0, -48.0, -49.0, -50.0]
-			"[-61.0, -62.0, -63.0, -64.0, -65.0, -66.0, -67.0, -68.0, -69.0, -70.0]\n" +
+			[-51.0, -52.0, -53.0, -54.0, -55.0, -56.0, -57.0, -58.0, -59.0, -60.0]
-			"[-71.0, -72.0, -73.0, -74.0, -75.0, -76.0, -77.0, -78.0, -79.0, -80.0]\n" +
+			[-61.0, -62.0, -63.0, -64.0, -65.0, -66.0, -67.0, -68.0, -69.0, -70.0]
-			"[-81.0, -82.0, -83.0, -84.0, -85.0, -86.0, -87.0, -88.0, -89.0, -90.0]\n" +
+			[-71.0, -72.0, -73.0, -74.0, -75.0, -76.0, -77.0, -78.0, -79.0, -80.0]
-			"[-91.0, -92.0, -93.0, -94.0, -95.0, -96.0, -97.0, -98.0, -99.0, -100.0]",
+			[-81.0, -82.0, -83.0, -84.0, -85.0, -86.0, -87.0, -88.0, -89.0, -90.0]
+			[-91.0, -92.0, -93.0, -94.0, -95.0, -96.0, -97.0, -98.0, -99.0, -100.0]""",
 			matrix.toString());
 	}
 

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestIntegerMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestIntegerMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-01-22
-//Modified: 08-10-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -1773,12 +1769,8 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size0(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1817,24 +1809,16 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size2x10(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testDeterminant_size10x2(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! cofactor() / cof()
@@ -1842,12 +1826,8 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size0(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1892,24 +1872,16 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size2x10(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testCofactor_size10x2(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! adjoint() / adj()
@@ -1917,12 +1889,8 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size0(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1967,24 +1935,16 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size2x10(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testAdjoint_size10x2(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! inverse()
@@ -1992,9 +1952,7 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size0(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -2017,27 +1975,21 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size10(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size2x10(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size10x2(){
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! equals()
@@ -2182,16 +2134,17 @@ public class TestIntegerMatrix{
 		IntegerMatrix matrix = new IntegerMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
 		assertEquals(
-			"[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10]\n" +
+			"""
-			"[-11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20]\n" +
+			[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10]
-			"[-21, -22, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30]\n" +
+			[-11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20]
-			"[-31, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -37, -38, -39, -40]\n" +
+			[-21, -22, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30]
-			"[-41, -42, -43, -44, -45, -46, -47, -48, -49, -50]\n" +
+			[-31, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -37, -38, -39, -40]
-			"[-51, -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -60]\n" +
+			[-41, -42, -43, -44, -45, -46, -47, -48, -49, -50]
-			"[-61, -62, -63, -64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70]\n" +
+			[-51, -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -60]
-			"[-71, -72, -73, -74, -75, -76, -77, -78, -79, -80]\n" +
+			[-61, -62, -63, -64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70]
-			"[-81, -82, -83, -84, -85, -86, -87, -88, -89, -90]\n" +
+			[-71, -72, -73, -74, -75, -76, -77, -78, -79, -80]
-			"[-91, -92, -93, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -99, -100]",
+			[-81, -82, -83, -84, -85, -86, -87, -88, -89, -90]
+			[-91, -92, -93, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -99, -100]""",
 			matrix.toString());
 	}
 

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestLongMatrix.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/TestLongMatrix.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 02-10-22
-//Modified: 08-10-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix;
 
 
@@ -1774,12 +1770,8 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size0(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1818,24 +1810,16 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testDeterminant_size2x10(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testDeterminant_size10x2(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::determinant);
-			matrix.determinant();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::det);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.det();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! cofactor() / cof()
@@ -1843,12 +1827,8 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size0(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1893,24 +1873,16 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testCofactor_size2x10(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testCofactor_size10x2(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cofactor);
-			matrix.cofactor();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::cof);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.cof();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! adjoint() / adj()
@@ -1918,12 +1890,8 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size0(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -1968,24 +1936,16 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testAdjoint_size2x10(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testAdjoint_size10x2(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adjoint);
-			matrix.adjoint();
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::adj);
-		});
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
-			matrix.adj();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! inverse()
@@ -1993,9 +1953,7 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size0(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix();
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
@@ -2018,27 +1976,21 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 	public void testInverse_size10(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidScalarException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size2x10(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid2x10);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testInverse_size10x2(){
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10x2);
 
-		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, () -> {
+		assertThrows(InvalidGeometryException.class, matrix::inverse);
-			matrix.inverse();
-		});
 	}
 
 	//! equals()
@@ -2182,16 +2134,17 @@ public class TestLongMatrix{
 		LongMatrix matrix = new LongMatrix(negativeGrid10);
 
 		assertEquals(
-			"[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10]\n" +
+			"""
-			"[-11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20]\n" +
+			[-1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10]
-			"[-21, -22, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30]\n" +
+			[-11, -12, -13, -14, -15, -16, -17, -18, -19, -20]
-			"[-31, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -37, -38, -39, -40]\n" +
+			[-21, -22, -23, -24, -25, -26, -27, -28, -29, -30]
-			"[-41, -42, -43, -44, -45, -46, -47, -48, -49, -50]\n" +
+			[-31, -32, -33, -34, -35, -36, -37, -38, -39, -40]
-			"[-51, -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -60]\n" +
+			[-41, -42, -43, -44, -45, -46, -47, -48, -49, -50]
-			"[-61, -62, -63, -64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70]\n" +
+			[-51, -52, -53, -54, -55, -56, -57, -58, -59, -60]
-			"[-71, -72, -73, -74, -75, -76, -77, -78, -79, -80]\n" +
+			[-61, -62, -63, -64, -65, -66, -67, -68, -69, -70]
-			"[-81, -82, -83, -84, -85, -86, -87, -88, -89, -90]\n" +
+			[-71, -72, -73, -74, -75, -76, -77, -78, -79, -80]
-			"[-91, -92, -93, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -99, -100]",
+			[-81, -82, -83, -84, -85, -86, -87, -88, -89, -90]
+			[-91, -92, -93, -94, -95, -96, -97, -98, -99, -100]""",
 			matrix.toString());
 	}
 

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidCoordinatesException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidCoordinatesException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 04-13-23
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,8 +7,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 
 public class TestInvalidCoordinatesException{
-	private static final String message = "message";
+	private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
-	private static final Throwable cause = new Exception();
+	private static final Throwable CAUSE = new Exception();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -23,22 +19,22 @@ public class TestInvalidCoordinatesException{
 	}
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_message(){
-		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(message);
+		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(MESSAGE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
 		assertNull(exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_cause(){
-		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(cause);
+		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE.toString(), exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_messageCause(){
-		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(message, cause);
+		InvalidCoordinatesException exception = new InvalidCoordinatesException(MESSAGE, CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidGeometryException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidGeometryException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 04-13-23
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,8 +7,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 
 public class TestInvalidGeometryException{
-	private static final String message = "message";
+	private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
-	private static final Throwable cause = new Exception();
+	private static final Throwable CAUSE = new Exception();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -24,22 +20,22 @@ public class TestInvalidGeometryException{
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_message(){
-		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(message);
+		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(MESSAGE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
 		assertNull(exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_cause(){
-		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(cause);
+		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE.toString(), exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_messageCause(){
-		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(message, cause);
+		InvalidGeometryException exception = new InvalidGeometryException(MESSAGE, CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 }

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidRowSizeException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidRowSizeException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 04-13-23
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,8 +7,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 
 public class TestInvalidRowSizeException{
-	private static final String message = "message";
+	private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
-	private static final Throwable cause = new Exception();
+	private static final Throwable CAUSE = new Exception();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -24,22 +20,22 @@ public class TestInvalidRowSizeException{
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_message(){
-		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(message);
+		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(MESSAGE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
 		assertNull(exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_cause(){
-		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(cause);
+		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE.toString(), exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_messageCause(){
-		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(message, cause);
+		InvalidRowSizeException exception = new InvalidRowSizeException(MESSAGE, CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 }

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidScalarException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestInvalidScalarException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 04-13-23
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,8 +7,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 
 public class TestInvalidScalarException{
-	private static final String message = "message";
+	private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
-	private static final Throwable cause = new Exception();
+	private static final Throwable CAUSE = new Exception();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -24,22 +20,22 @@ public class TestInvalidScalarException{
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_message(){
-		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(message);
+		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(MESSAGE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
 		assertNull(exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_cause(){
-		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(cause);
+		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE.toString(), exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_messageCause(){
-		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(message, cause);
+		InvalidScalarException exception = new InvalidScalarException(MESSAGE, CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 }

src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestNullMatrixException.java

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
-//Matrix/src/test/java/com/mattrixwv/matrix/exceptions/TestNullMatrixException.java
-//Mattrixwv
-// Created: 04-13-23
-//Modified: 08-11-24
 package com.mattrixwv.matrix.exceptions;
 
 
@@ -11,8 +7,8 @@ import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 
 public class TestNullMatrixException{
-	private static final String message = "message";
+	private static final String MESSAGE = "message";
-	private static final Throwable cause = new Exception();
+	private static final Throwable CAUSE = new Exception();
 
 
 	@Test
@@ -24,21 +20,21 @@ public class TestNullMatrixException{
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_message(){
-		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(message);
+		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(MESSAGE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
 		assertNull(exception.getCause());
 	}
 
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_cause(){
-		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(cause);
+		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE.toString(), exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 	@Test
 	public void testConstructor_messageCause(){
-		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(message, cause);
+		NullMatrixException exception = new NullMatrixException(MESSAGE, CAUSE);
-		assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
+		assertEquals(MESSAGE, exception.getMessage());
-		assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
+		assertEquals(CAUSE, exception.getCause());
 	}
 }