TypescriptClasses/Algorithms.ts

//typescriptClasses/Algorithms.ts
//Matthew Ellison
// Created: 10-19-20
//Modified: 10-19-20
//This class holds many algorithms that I have found it useful to keep around
/*
Copyright (C) 2020  Matthew Ellison

	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
	along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/


import { InvalidResult } from "./InvalidResult";


export function arrayEquals(array1: any[], array2: any[]): boolean{
	//If they aren't the same type they aren't equal
	if((typeof array1) != (typeof array2)){
		return false;
	}
	//If they aren't the same length they aren't equal
	else if(array1.length != array2.length){
		return false;
	}
	else{
		//Loop through every element to see if each one is equal
		for(let cnt = 0;cnt < array1.length;++cnt){
			//If any element in the same location is different return false
			if(array1[cnt] != array2[cnt]){
				return false;
			}
		}
		//If every element was the same they are equal
		return true;
	}
}

export function sqrtBig(value: bigint): bigint{
	if(value < 0n){
		throw "Negative numbers are not supported";
	}

	let k = 2n;
	let o = 0n;
	let x = value;
	let limit = 100;

	while(x ** k !== k && x !== o && --limit){
		o = x;
		x = ((k - 1n) * x + value / x ** (k - 1n)) / k;
	}

	return x;
}

export function getAllFib(goalNumber: number): number[]{
	//Setup the variables
	let fibNums: number[] = [];

	//If the number is <= 0 return an empty list
	if(goalNumber <= 0){
		return fibNums;
	}
	else if(goalNumber == 1){
		fibNums.push(1);
		return fibNums;
	}

	//This means that at least 2 1's are elements
	fibNums.push(1);
	fibNums.push(1);

	//Loop to generate the rest of the Fibonacci numbers
	while(fibNums[fibNums.length - 1] <= goalNumber){
		fibNums.push((fibNums[fibNums.length - 1]) + (fibNums[fibNums.length - 2]));
	}

	//At this point the most recent number is > goalNumber, so remove it and return the rest of the list
	fibNums.pop();
	return fibNums;
}
export function getAllFibBig(goalNumber: bigint): bigint[]{
	//Setup the variables
	let fibNums:bigint[] = [];

	//If the number is <= 0 return an empty list
	if(goalNumber <= 0){
		return fibNums;
	}
	else if(goalNumber == 1n){
		fibNums.push(1n);
		return fibNums;
	}

	//This means that at least 2 1's are elements
	fibNums.push(1n);
	fibNums.push(1n);

	//Loop to generate the rest of the Fibonacci numbers
	while(fibNums[fibNums.length - 1] <= goalNumber){
		fibNums.push((fibNums[fibNums.length - 1]) + (fibNums[fibNums.length - 2]));
	}

	//At this point the most recent number is > goalNumber, so remove it and return the rest of the list
	fibNums.pop();
	return fibNums;
}

export function getPrimes(goalNumber: number): number[]{
	let primes: number[] = [];	//Holds the prime numbers
	let foundFactor: boolean = false;	//A flag for whether a factor of the current number has been found

	//If the number is 0 or a negative return an empty list
	if(goalNumber <= 1){
		return primes;
	}
	//Optherwise the number is at least 2, so 2 should be added to the list
	else{
		primes.push(2);
	}

	//We can now start at 3 and skip all even numbers, because they cannot be prime
	for(let possiblePrime: number = 3;possiblePrime <= goalNumber;possiblePrime += 2){
		//Check all current primes, up to sqrt(possiblePrime), to see if there is a divisor
		let topPossibleFactor: number = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(possiblePrime));
		//We can safely assume that there will be at least 1 element in the primes list because of 2 being added before this
		for(let primesCnt: number = 0;primes[primesCnt] <= topPossibleFactor;){
			if((possiblePrime % primes[primesCnt]) == 0){
				foundFactor = true;
				break;
			}
			else{
				++primesCnt;
			}
			//Check if the index has gone out of range
			if(primesCnt >= primes.length){
				break;
			}
		}

		//If you didn't find a factor then the current number must be prime
		if(!foundFactor){
			primes.push(possiblePrime);
		}
		else{
			foundFactor = false;
		}
	}

	//Sort the list before returning it
	primes = primes.sort((n1, n2) => n1 - n2);
	return primes;
}
export function getPrimesBig(goalNumber: bigint): bigint[]{
	let primes: bigint[] = [];	//Holds the prime numbers
	let foundFactor: boolean = false;	//A flag for whether a factor of the current number has been found

	//If the number is 0 or a negative return an empty list
	if(goalNumber <= 1){
		return primes;
	}
	//Optherwise the number is at least 2, so 2 should be added to the list
	else{
		primes.push(2n);
	}

	//We can now start at 3 and skip all even numbers, because they cannot be prime
	for(let possiblePrime: bigint = 3n;possiblePrime <= goalNumber;possiblePrime += 2n){
		//Check all current primes, up to sqrt(possiblePrime), to see if there is a divisor
		let topPossibleFactor: bigint = sqrtBig(possiblePrime);
		//We can safely assume that there will be at least 1 element in the primes list because of 2 being added before this
		for(let primesCnt: number = 0;primes[primesCnt] <= topPossibleFactor;){
			if((possiblePrime % primes[primesCnt]) == 0n){
				foundFactor = true;
				break;
			}
			else{
				++primesCnt;
			}
			//Check if the index has gone out of range
			if(primesCnt >= primes.length){
				break;
			}
		}

		//If you didn't find a factor then the current number must be prime
		if(!foundFactor){
			primes.push(possiblePrime);
		}
		else{
			foundFactor = false;
		}
	}

	//Sort the list before returning it
	primes = primes.sort(function(n1, n2){
		if(n1 > n2){
			return 1;
		}
		else if(n1 < n2){
			return -1;
		}
		else{
			return 0;
		}
	});
	return primes;
}

export function getFactors(goalNumber: number): number[]{
	//You need to get all the primes that could be factors of this number so you can test them
	let topPossiblePrime: number = Math.ceil(Math.sqrt(goalNumber));
	let primes: number[] = getPrimes(topPossiblePrime);
	let factors: number[] = [];

	//You need to step through each prime and see if it is a factor in the number
	for(let cnt: number = 0;cnt < primes.length;){
		//If the prime is a factor you need to add it to the factor list
		if((goalNumber % primes[cnt]) == 0){
			factors.push(primes[cnt]);
			goalNumber /= primes[cnt];
		}
		//Otherwise advance the location in primes you are looking at
		//By not advancing f the prime is a factor you allow for multiple of the same prime number as a factor
		else{
			++cnt;
		}
	}

	//If you didn't get any factors the number itself must be a prime
	if(factors.length == 0){
		factors.push(goalNumber);
		goalNumber /= goalNumber;
	}

	//If for some reason the goalNumber is not 1 throw an exception
	if(goalNumber != 1){
		throw new InvalidResult("The factor was not 1: " + goalNumber);
	}

	//Return the list of factors
	return factors;
}
export function getFactorsBig(goalNumber: bigint): bigint[]{
	//You need to get all the primes that could be factors of this number so you can test them
	let topPossiblePrime: bigint = sqrtBig(goalNumber);
	let primes: bigint[] = getPrimesBig(topPossiblePrime);
	let factors: bigint[] = [];

	//You need to step through each prime and see if it is a factor in the number
	for(let cnt: number = 0;cnt < primes.length;){
		//If the prime is a factor you need to add it to the factor list
		if((goalNumber % primes[cnt]) == 0n){
			factors.push(primes[cnt]);
			goalNumber /= primes[cnt];
		}
		//Otherwise advance the location in primes you are looking at
		//By not advancing f the prime is a factor you allow for multiple of the same prime number as a factor
		else{
			++cnt;
		}
	}

	//If you didn't get any factors the number itself must be a prime
	if(factors.length == 0){
		factors.push(goalNumber);
		goalNumber /= goalNumber;
	}

	//If for some reason the goalNumber is not 1 throw an exception
	if(goalNumber != 1n){
		throw new InvalidResult("The factor was not 1: " + goalNumber);
	}

	//Return the list of factors
	return factors;
}