//CipherStreamJava/src/main/java/com/mattrixwv/cipherstream/monosubstitution/Substitution.java
//Mattrixwv
// Created: 02-22-22
//Modified: 08-11-24
/*
	Copyright (C) 2024  Mattrixwv

	This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
	it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
	the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
	(at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
	but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
	GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
	along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
*/
package com.mattrixwv.cipherstream.monosubstitution;


import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.mattrixwv.cipherstream.exceptions.InvalidInputException;
import com.mattrixwv.cipherstream.exceptions.InvalidKeywordException;


/**
 * A class for encoding and decoding strings using a substitution cipher.
 * This cipher can handle both alphabetic and alphanumeric keys and supports
 * preserving or removing capitalization, whitespace, and symbols.
 *
 * <p>
 * The substitution cipher replaces each letter or digit in the input string
 * with a corresponding character from a key. The key must contain all letters
 * of the alphabet and optionally digits, without duplicates.
 * </p>
 */
public class Substitution{
	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Substitution.class);
	//?Fields
	/** The string that needs encoded/decoded */
	protected String inputString;
	/** The encoded/decoded string */
	protected String outputString;
	/** The keyword used to encode/decode the input */
	protected String keyword;
	//?Getters
	/** Persist capitals in the output string */
	protected boolean preserveCapitals;
	/** Persist whitespace in the output string */
	protected boolean preserveWhitespace;
	/** Persist symbols in the output string */
	protected boolean preserveSymbols;


	/**
	 * Ensures all key constraints are followed.
	 *
	 * @param key the key to be used for encoding/decoding
	 * @throws InvalidKeywordException if the key is null, contains duplicates, or has invalid length
	 */
	protected void setKeyword(String key) throws InvalidKeywordException{
		if(key == null){
			throw new InvalidKeywordException("Key cannot be null");
		}

		logger.debug("Original key '{}'", key);

		//Transform all letters to uppercase
		logger.debug("Removing case");
		key = key.toUpperCase();

		//Make sure the key contains no duplicate mappings
		logger.debug("Ensuring there are no duplicate mappings");
		StringBuilder uniqueKey = new StringBuilder();
		key.chars().distinct().forEach(c -> uniqueKey.append((char)c));
		if(!key.equals(uniqueKey.toString())){
			throw new InvalidKeywordException("The key cannot contain duplicate mappings");
		}

		//Make sure the key is a valid length
		if(key.length() == 26){
			logger.debug("Ensuring there are only letters in the key");

			//Make sure the key contains all valid characters
			String tempKey = key.replaceAll("[^A-Z]", "");
			if(!tempKey.equals(key)){
				throw new InvalidKeywordException("The key must contain all letters");
			}
		}
		else if(key.length() == 36){
			logger.debug("Ensuring there are only alpha-numeric characters in the key");

			//Make sure the key contains all valid characters
			String tempKey = key.replaceAll("[^A-Z0-9]", "");
			if(!tempKey.equals(key)){
				throw new InvalidKeywordException("The key must contain all letters and can contain all numbers");
			}
		}
		else{
			throw new InvalidKeywordException("The key must contain all letters and can contain all numbers");
		}

		//Save the key
		logger.debug("Cleaned key '{}'", key);
		this.keyword = key;
	}
	/**
	 * Ensures all input constraints are followed.
	 *
	 * @param inputString the string to be encoded/decoded
	 * @throws InvalidInputException if the input string is null or blank
	 */
	protected void setInputString(String inputString) throws InvalidInputException{
		if(inputString == null){
			throw new InvalidInputException("Input cannot be null");
		}

		logger.debug("Original input string '{}'", inputString);

		//Remove any data that should not be preserved
		if(!preserveCapitals){
			logger.debug("Removing case");

			inputString = inputString.toUpperCase();
		}
		if(!preserveWhitespace){
			logger.debug("Removing whitespace");
			
			inputString = inputString.replaceAll("\\s", "");
		}
		if(!preserveSymbols){
			logger.debug("Removing symbols");

			inputString = inputString.replaceAll("[^a-zA-Z\\s]", "");
		}

		//Save the inputString
		logger.debug("Cleaned input string '{}'", inputString);
		this.inputString = inputString;

		//Make sure there is still input
		if(this.inputString.isBlank()){
			throw new InvalidInputException("Input must contain at least 1 letter");
		}
	}
	/**
	 * Encodes the inputString using the provided key and stores the result in outputString.
	 */
	protected void encode(){
		logger.debug("Encoding");

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		//Step through every character in the inputString and convert it
		for(char ch : inputString.toCharArray()){
			logger.debug("Working character {}", ch);

			if(Character.isUpperCase(ch)){
				logger.debug("Encoding uppercase");
				output.append(Character.toUpperCase(keyword.charAt(ch - 'A')));
			}
			else if(Character.isLowerCase(ch)){
				logger.debug("Encoding lowercase");
				output.append(Character.toLowerCase(keyword.charAt(ch - 'a')));
			}
			else if(Character.isDigit(ch) && (keyword.length() == 36)){
				logger.debug("Encoding digit");
				output.append(keyword.charAt('Z' - 'A' + Integer.valueOf(Character.toString(ch)) + 1));
			}
			else{
				logger.debug("Passing symbol through");
				output.append(ch);
			}
		}

		//Save the output
		this.outputString = output.toString();
		logger.debug("Encoded message '{}'", outputString);
	}
	/**
	 * Decodes the inputString using the provided key and stores the result in outputString.
	 */
	protected void decode(){
		logger.debug("Decoding");

		StringBuilder output = new StringBuilder();

		//Step through every character in the inputString and convert it
		for(char ch : inputString.toCharArray()){
			logger.debug("Working character {}", ch);

			if(Character.isUpperCase(ch)){
				logger.debug("Encoding uppercase");

				output.append((char)('A' + keyword.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase(ch))));
			}
			else if(Character.isLowerCase(ch)){
				logger.debug("Encoding lowercase");

				output.append((char)('a' + keyword.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase(ch))));
			}
			else if(Character.isDigit(ch) && (keyword.length() == 36)){
				logger.debug("Encoding digit");

				output.append((char)('0' + (keyword.indexOf(Character.toUpperCase(ch)) - 26)));
			}
			else{
				logger.debug("Passing symbol through");
				output.append(ch);
			}
		}

		//Save the output
		this.outputString = output.toString();
		logger.debug("Decoded message '{}'", outputString);
	}

	//?Constructors
	/**
	 * Constructs a new {@code Substitution} instance with default settings.
	 */
	public Substitution(){
		preserveCapitals = false;
		preserveWhitespace = false;
		preserveSymbols = false;
		reset();
	}
	/**
	 * Constructs a new {@code Substitution} instance with specified settings.
	 *
	 * @param preserveCapitals   whether to preserve capitalization in the output
	 * @param preserveWhitespace whether to preserve whitespace in the output
	 * @param preserveSymbols    whether to preserve symbols in the output
	 */
	public Substitution(boolean preserveCapitals, boolean preserveWhitespace, boolean preserveSymbols){
		this.preserveCapitals = preserveCapitals;
		this.preserveWhitespace = preserveWhitespace;
		this.preserveSymbols = preserveSymbols;
		reset();
	}

	/**
	 * Encodes the inputString using the provided key.
	 *
	 * @param key          the key to use for encoding
	 * @param inputString  the string to be encoded
	 * @return the encoded string
	 * @throws InvalidKeywordException if the key is invalid
	 * @throws InvalidInputException   if the input string is invalid
	 */
	public String encode(String key, String inputString) throws InvalidKeywordException, InvalidInputException{
		setKeyword(key);
		setInputString(inputString);
		encode();
		return outputString;
	}
	/**
	 * Decodes the inputString using the provided key.
	 *
	 * @param key          the key to use for decoding
	 * @param inputString  the string to be decoded
	 * @return the decoded string
	 * @throws InvalidKeywordException if the key is invalid
	 * @throws InvalidInputException   if the input string is invalid
	 */
	public String decode(String key, String inputString) throws InvalidKeywordException, InvalidInputException{
		setKeyword(key);
		setInputString(inputString);
		decode();
		return outputString;
	}

	//?Getters
	/**
	 * Gets the current input string.
	 *
	 * @return the input string
	 */
	public String getInputString(){
		return inputString;
	}
	/**
	 * Gets the current output string.
	 *
	 * @return the output string
	 */
	public String getOutputString(){
		return outputString;
	}
	/**
	 * Gets the current keyword.
	 *
	 * @return the keyword
	 */
	public String getKeyword(){
		return keyword;
	}
	/**
	 * Resets all fields to their default values.
	 */
	public void reset(){
		logger.debug("Resetting fields");

		inputString = "";
		outputString = "";
		keyword = "";
	}
}